Summary

The significance of this review lies in its potential to inform more effective therapeutic applications of photobiomodulation by establishing clearer parameters for treatment delivery. With the growing global burden of TBI and neurodegenerative diseases and the limited efficacy of current treatments, there is an urgent need to better understand how to optimize this promising noninvasive therapy. This work aims to bridge the gap between theoretical mechanisms and practical clinical application by critically examining the physical and biological evidence for the therapeutic effects of photobiomodulation. This objective aligns with the field's need for a more rigorous evaluation of treatment parameters and delivery methods to advance photobiomodulation from promising experimental therapy to validated clinical treatment for neurodegenerative conditions.