Discussion / Implications
Power and Penetration Requirements
The demonstrated inadequacy of low-power LED devices (<1W) to penetrate effectively through human tissue challenges many current clinical protocols.
High-powered lasers (10-15W) appear necessary to deliver therapeutic fluence (0.9-15 J/cm²) to deep brain structures.
These findings suggest a need to reevaluate many commercial PBM devices marketed for brain treatment that use only low-power LEDs.
